Narendra Modi’s India - Nepal Relations

Narendra Modi’s India - Nepal Relations

Corporate Bogus or Real Transformations ?  

                

On the 2^nd day of August 2014, Kathmandu - the capital city of Himalayan country Nepal - experienced bizarre activities like beautification of streets, painting various buildings, removing ugly looking stuffs from roadside locations. School kids were tamed in their home for 3^rd and 4^th of August. 

People found it unprecedented. Government’s actions of beautifying Kathmandu was not seen never before, and they were well acquainted with pollution round the year - dumped and unattended. Government was further accused of not paying sufficient attention towards citizens of Sindhupalchok who were devastated by disastrous landslide. 

Above mentioned bizzare activities  in Nepal were dedicated to welcome powerful Prime Minister of India – Narendra Damodar Das Modi.  Modi seemed interested in redefining India’s relationship with neighboring countries thus visited Nepal with due priority. It was his third ever foreign visit after Bhutan and Brazil since he assumes his office in May.  India’s south block (the desk from where Nepal's relations is handled) placed Nepal in high importance in their foreign policy for all the time but Prime Minister's visit to Nepal to elevate ties was absent for the last 17 years. The Ministerial level Nepal – India Joint Commission’s meeting could not happen for the last 23 years. Both became reality in the first week of August 2014 - immediate after Modi took his office.

India is heading to be the global power in coming decades. Indian people voted a single party i.e. Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) with absolute majority in Lok Sabha to form powerful government ending decades long coalition obligation. After the election in 2014, the strength of National Congress along with other many regional and small parties were downsized dramatically.

In Nepal as well, the past decades have gone through unimaginable transformations in political, social, and cultural arena. The country is in the process of writing new constitution by the people’s representatives (Constituent Assembly) for the first ever time in her political history. The process is gaining momentum in the second trial after the first chance dismissed due to political conflicts and lack of consensus. Political power is being shifted to historically marginalized and deprived people. 

These historical changes in both countries have lifted new aspirations, hope for development and prosperous – dignified life.

Thus, the visit of Indian Prime Minister was juxtaposed both with much anticipation and some intimidation in Nepal. The relationship between Nepal and India has been continuing with eccentric feelings and suspicion. In contrast to normal people to people relations; cultural ties; close family relations; shared religious beliefs, the political level relation has been in chaos. After Modi’s visit and magnetic address in the Parliament, negative sentiments towards Indian establishment hovering over in Nepali people’s mind has been erased at least for the time being. Prachanda – former Prime Minister and epicenter for the current political development in Nepal, President – Ram Baran Yadav and other top leaders of different political parties and people together consider that Modi’s address effectively lodged in their heart.  

Nepali society is shaped by strange and unpredictable qualities and characters of emotions. There are numerous examples that Nepali people demonstrated their hatred and love to corresponding Indian behaviors. Nepali people felt that they are deprived by Indian tricks and tactics. Be it in Koshi, Gandaki, Tanakpur, Mahakali treaties or in Susta, Kalapani issues or in much debated 1950’s peace and friendship treaty and other similar matters. Nepal believe strongly that the Indian conducts in border violation   issues, security personnel’s behavior in border areas, Indian claim of Buddha’s birthplace ( though it appears in various informal way like in movie, serials, literature etc.) within their territory,  micromanage of Nepal’s internal politics and naked interventions (mostly complained by people since the politicians play double role, gainers through such Indian actions perceive it as a friendly support and losers elucidate same action as interference), monopolistic notion over immense water resources that Nepal equipped with, big brother attitude are not fair and neighborly. 

  

Prime Minister Modi in his address in the parliament, tried to clarify his position and outlook towards his neighboring country Nepal. His address tried to cover all key points Nepalese people were feeling painful with. Nepal’s sovereignty, promise to support Nepal only on her own choice rather directing the path to choose, Buddha’s birthplace as Lumbini, intention to purchase Nepal’s water resources rather absorbing for free of cost and so on were those emotional issues which touched the heart of Nepalese people. He emphasized to hold common consensus on the much debated 1950’s peace and friendship treaty to leaders and requested to stop politicizing it but to discuss in a friendly manner. He further wished to bring Nepal closer by implementing the projects such as the bridge in Mahakali and others promised earlier than by pulling Nepal’s geography towards India.

Modi has styled himself as the CEO of entire India now. He was equipped with a capacity and brilliant single man - brand to lead the BJP with landslide victory in Lok Sabha election. He is much revered architect of Gujarat model of development and figure for branding of various government projects ongoing in Gujarat as well. During his election campaign in Bihar, Modi tried to win sympathy and sentiment of Bihar voters by mentioning that Buddha, Sita, Chandragupta, Karna etcetera were related with the land of Bihar. Similarly, he tried to catch and win the sentiment of Nepalese people by hitting hard in the emotional issues.

Does this mean that India and Modi personally transformed drastically? During this visit also, India focused on to sign 98% finished border map rather promising and supporting to complete 100% as Nepal anticipated from the decades. India disagreed to sign PTA separating power trade and power generation as Nepal requested. Modi said that a chilling and sunny weather in one part may affect the other; any trouble in Nepal would trouble India. This can be imagined with geographical proximity but cannot be the guiding principle of our relations as two independent nations.  “ Aap Mere Hai , Hamara to Hai “ or “You are mine, truly ours” might mean perilous. Why would not we keep our suspicion along with us for these dual meaning remarks and invigilate cautiously.  

After his charismatic presentation in Nepal, we can wish the future relations of Nepal and India be as good as we people aspire. Oppositions in Lok Sabha already showed their strong disagreement of Modi’s visit to Pashupatinath mentioning that he deserted large Islam population by not wishing Eid- Mubarak. This explains Modi might not be able to carry out various domestic or international matters on his sole imaginations. The existing government structure which used to enjoy the top level influence in Nepal such as meeting President, ex / Prime Minister, Ministers in a blink, even directing them on various political issues would not survive silently because the power, proud and prestige can matter considerable for all. We must look in depth, why the India – Nepal relations underwent in serious stalemate for the last century.

As we observe in the history, single dedicated person can revolve the path to a new phenomenon so we can hope that the same happen to us. We in this juncture of transformation and transition ourselves must take each and every steps forward carefully. We can wish Modi’s address and gesture was not a mere corporate bogus to win the heart, mind, resources and everything possible from Nepal to benefit South as in the history, but it was a grave transformational approach for our mutual prosperity.    

10th August, 2014

-By Dipak Bastakoti ( yfvd@yahoo.com ) / 98510 88318 / Pandrung, 02 Gorkha,

A curious student on International Relations and Political Economy

Yoga Trek in the Himalayas

Yoga is very popular in recent days. Nepal can be one of the most ideal place to practise yoga during your holiday. The most beautiful natural surrounding can provide with peaceful and serene environment for the Yoga. The article is about Yoga during your Trek in the Himalayas. The article was published in Image Nepal - bimonthly on February - March 2013 Issue.

Impact of Climate Change in the Himalayas and Tourism - Essay

The essay entitled " Impact of Climate Change inthe Himalayas and Tourism" was submitted in a essay competition of university students during Everest Golden Jublee Celebration in 2013.  This essary stood in the third position. 

Impact of Climate Change in the Himalayas and Tourism

- By Dipak Bastakoti

·         A national TV broadcasted in its one of the program recently that small lakes and lagoons located inside Chitwan National Park are disappearing. It results the harsh environment for wild animals living in that area.

·         In another similar report, it was mentioned that wild animals in Langtang National Park are reported to have changed their habitat area due to changing pattern of their previous habitant.

·         Appa Sherpa, the most famous mountaineer once said that in future mountain peaks of the Himalayas including Mt. Everest would be difficult or even impossible to climb.

·         President of Maldives organized a cabinet meeting underwater and Nepal government held a cabinet meeting in Kalapatthar (approximately at the height of 17,192 ft.)  to attract the attention of the world towards them.

·         In May 2012, sudden and unexpected off - season debris flood in Seti River (Annapurna region) claimed many lives.

·        

Above mentioned out of the ordinary actions and experiences are few examples that we have been noticing in recent years and decades. They indicate us that this beautiful world we are living is challenged by something. Human and animals activities are being affected ruthlessly by various stuffs around us. The major reason of those eccentric activities are said to be originated from climate change which is experienced in recent decades.

Climate change & effects on us

Climate is an average condition of certain place over a number of years. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) labels 30 years period as a standard period to determine the climatic condition of any particular region. In a narrower sense climate roughly means average weather. Climate is determined by the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological elemental measurements. Over the last century, release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases trap additional heat which affect global climate. In the last 25 years, the rate of global warming has increased at over 0.18 degree Celsius per decade.  

Global warming is caused by human activities as well as from natural means. Major natural cause is the release of Methane gas from arctic tundra and wetlands. Methane is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the earth’s atmosphere. It is believed that natural climate cycle also occurs in the earth in every 40,000 years which bring some changes in climate. But, human activities are making the most damage in our climate. Pollution from different way (burning of fossil fuel, mining, use of transportation, various chemicals etc.) causes the change in climate largely.  Increase of population also contributes to climate change and global warming since the use of transportation, natural recourses increases.

The affects of change in climate and global warming are experienced in various places and ways. The sea level has been experiencing the rise with a threat of sinking various islands. Glaciers in the Himalayas are melting rapidly. Unexpected rain, wind and flood are happening elsewhere. Climatic conditions are extreme such as dry areas are being dryer and wet being wetter. It also affects in health issues, like clean air, safe drinking water, sufficient food production etc. According to World Health Organization (WHO) , urban air pollution causes about 1.2 million more deaths every year.

Tourism and Impact of Climate change on Tourism

Tourism is the most crucial industry for many countries in the world now. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) there are more than 1 billion international tourists’ arrivals in 2012. Tourism contributes with millions of dollars in the global economy along with large numbers of employment worldwide.

Nepal, nestled in the lap of majestic Himalayas having two giants with emerging economies in north and south is one of the most beautiful and prosperous county in the world for tourists and tourism development. Nepal is adorned by the longest Himalayan range with many highest peaks of the world including Mt. Everest ( 8,848 m. / 29,028 ft ) in the north. The whole Himalayan region is dotted with beautiful glacial lakes. Glaciers and these lakes are source of all rivers flowing down marvelously to the southern plains contributing all people living the basin of these rivers.

Due to its diverse geography, natural and cultural heritages, Nepal is the most popular country for tourism. Adventure activities in the Himalayas such as Trekking, Mountaineering, Cannoning, White water rafting etc are the most popular. Large number of adventure tourists visit Nepal for aforesaid activities each year. Nepal received total of 735,932 tourists in the year 2011 and the number is gradually increasing year by year.

Tourism is being affected globally due to changes in climate.  We can take an example of Maldives. Each year thousands of tourists visit Maldives for the coral sands, blue water and other amenities of Island and it is feared to collapse in future if the ratio of rising of sea level continues. There are other many countries in the world which are being affected by changing climatic patters such as dry season, flood etc.

ICIMOD (International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development - a Kathmandu based research centre) published a data showing that melts down of snow and glaciers in the Himalayan region are rapid. According to the same report the warming in the Himalayan region is much higher than global average. Increasing and decreasing rainfall pattern makes dry season more dryer and wet season wetter making the life more difficult living in the region. 

Nepal is a playground of adventure lovers for trekking, mountaineering, rafting, cannoning, paragliding etc. The entire Himalaya plays the most pivotal role for these activities. We cannot imagine, how badly our tourism industry will be affected if there is no snow on the Himalaya. Where can we operate the world’s popular mountaineering activities if there is no snow and charm to climb the mountain peaks? If there is no water in the river or always flooded how and where will we operate rafting trips? And if there are no White Mountain peaks on our head to decorate, who will be visiting us and our Himalayan region?

Thus, affects of climate change in long run will be the highest on us and our country. If the current ratio of climate change continues and we do not act against this change on time, our identity will be endangered as a country with the highest peak on the earth, best rivers for rafting, best trekking trails of the world etc.

What we can do to save our Tourism

“Adaptation” refers to prepare by society or ecosystem for the adjustment of the climate change in future. It can be guarding against negative impacts or taking any good opportunity which resulted from climate change. Naturally, it has been proved that human and other living beings have strong capacity to adapt and act for environmental changes. Earlier statement in the first paragraph regarding the migration of wild animals in Langtang National Park is good example of efforts taken by wild animals to adapt changes. But, if we cannot provide similar shelter and environment for those animals nearby, then they will be endangered and collapse forever. The ratio of change is rapid and higher now than earlier.

Principally, developing countries are suffering and will be suffered more in future from action of developed nations who are responsible for higher carbon and greenhouse gas emissions. Our Himalaya will suffer more from these activities and changes. Since, we will be the one to be more affected by climate change; we must keep our eyes open, be vigilant and contribute from our part as much as we can. Reduce, Recycle and Reuse of wastages that we produce daily is one of the major means of decreasing carbon and other greenhouse gases - the key contributor to climate change. Along with this we can imply various other methods such as use less water, use CFL lights, plant a tree, aware other people to conserve etc. Deforestation is contributing almost one-fourth of global carbon emissions. Use of renewable energies (solar, bio gas, hydro electricity) in the rural areas and reforestation will help to reduce warming sustainably. We are poor in infrastructure, but we still can use our existing infrastructure wisely to lower down the level of pollution.

Demonstrations in front of the world conferences, attracting more funds to be spent on conferences and meetings held in capital city, coining various councils, adding more departments in the ministry of Environment are not good enough measures to protect the Himalaya and tourism in Nepal. The cabinet meeting in Kalapatthar ahead of World Climate Summit (2009) in Copenhagen might have drawn attention of the world, but we will have to accomplish more actions to save our heritage. Mountain Alliance Initiatives (MAI) is also a good start to attract world’s attention towards the threat in the mountains caused by climate change and global warming but not enough. We cannot imagine that other people, country support us for our benefits.

 Recently, we are destroying Chure Bhawar region in large. We are active in deforestation all over the country. A condition of our road in Kathmandu is dreadful. Most of the public vehicles that run in the city of Kathmandu is a good joke. River Bagmati and Bishnumati which flows in the heart of our capital city Kathmandu can reflect our true sense of environment protection, awareness level and action against pollution.  After all the innocent people living in rural and mountain area are being affected and will be affected more in future by such activities that urban people are carrying on.

People from the world do not know where Nepal is but they know where Mt. Everest is. Nature has gifted us such a fantastic heritage for our identity which can be positioned us in world map easily. To save this identity, we all stakeholders must put our strong commitment and efforts together.  Every year we calculate how much money was generated in revenue from Everest Climbing permits. But, are we spending even a minimal portion to save our Everest for our future generation? I assume no.   We will have to save our environment, Himalayas, Everest and Tourism at large on our own. Act today. Plant a tree. Drive less. Use good standard vehicle. Aware yourself and your society.

*** The End ***

Sources :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming

http://www.irinnews.org

http://himcca.org

http://www.csmonitor.com/

http://www.ecotourism.org

http://www.un.org

http://forestaction.org

http://library.thinkquest.org/J003411/causes.htm

http://moste.gov.np/

Bastakoti D. ( 2012 ) “ A Study of Marketing Networks & Channels of NTB to Promote Nepalese Tourism”  Unpublished Thesis ( T.U.)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Submitted By ;

Name: Dipak Bastakoti

Nepal Law Campus ( T. U.)

Level : LLB First Year

Roll No: 1017 / 069

Date of Birth: 2033 / 06 / 19

Submitted to ;

Mt. Everest Diamond Jubilee Celebrations Secretariat

Nepal Tourism Board

Bhrikuti Mandap

Kathmandu, Nepal

Email: everest@ntb.org.np

GURKHA’S TRAIL TREK

          GURKHA’S TRAIL TREK                                                      

               A convergence of Bravery, History, Martyrdom & Natural Beauty

There were many tiny kingdoms scattered and divided here and there before the King of Gorkha “Prithvinarayan Shah”
amalgamated them into his kingdom during the expansion movement. The King conquered all Kingdoms of Kathmandu valley in 1768/69 A.D overtaking the Malla dynasty and started his administration from Kathmandu. This incident is taken as beginning of the history of modern Nepal. From that period onward, people from Gorkha played vital role and contributed vigorously be it in the central politics and government or demonstrations and sacrifice. Among them are Lakhan Thapa – the first martyr against tyrant Rana rule, Bhimsen Thapa – the then Prime minister who is regarded as worthy social reformist, Janga Bahadur Rana – the then Prime minister and popularly known for his courage and bravery, Gaje Ghale – the prestigious Victoria cross recipient, Dil Bahadur Ramtel – the first martyr of the Peoples war of Nepal ( though not accepted as People’s war by some group) which overthrew the same royal Shah dynasty coined by Prithvi Narayan to convert the country into Republic of Nepal.

The Gurkha War of 1814 – 1816 A.D. between the then British East India Company and Gurkha Army was ended in stalemate and treaty. After that war, British people influenced by the courage and bravery of Gurkha Army during the war and started to recruit young Nepalese boys from the interior mountainous parts of Nepal as mercenaries. These days abide by the international law, Gurkha’s are not treated as mercenaries any more but as a fully armed and integrated Army. Throughout the 50 years after they started to serve in British Army there was much active service of Gurkha’s in Burma, Afghanistan, the North-East and the North-West Frontiers of India, Malta, Cyprus, Malaya, China (the Boxer Rebellion of 1900) and Tibet (Young husband's Expedition of 1904) along with France, Italy, Palestine, Egypt, Tunisia, Malaysia,  Singapore and many others. Today, the word Gurkha is well-known identity of Nepal equally as Mt. Everest and Buddha

TAAN (Trekking Agencies Association of Nepal ) in co-ordination with SNV Nepal had conducted exploration of various tourist destinations of the lower Manasalu region. The exploration team has suggested a trek route starting from the famous Manakamana area leading to Gorkha Durbar and Museum - Bhacchek and Sirandanda – Barpak – Laprak – Dharche Lake – Sita Gufa ( cave ) – Ghyampeshal and then drive back to Gorkha to Kathmandu or other destination. The trek trail offers unmatched experience with numerous attractions such as the thrilling cable car ride experience in the midhill mountain, the most famous religious temple of goddess Manakamana for entire Hindus, the birthplace of Lakhan Thapa - the first martyr of Nepal who opposed the then tyrant Rana regime and killed by Ranas in around 1877 A.D. in his own home, the palace of the King Prithvi Narayan Shah and the temple of Gorakhkali with Gorakhnath Cave, Gorkha Museum, Tea garden of Sirandanda, Barpak Village – home of famous Victoria Cross medal recipient Gaje Ghale, Dharche Lake ( 3220 m. above sea level ) from where the panoramic view of majestic Himalayas can be seen in the 180 Degree including Annapurnas, Fishtail, Langtang, Ganesh Himal and others, Sita Cave situated in the dense forest, the Gurung Culture, lifestyle of various other ethnic and indigenous people.

The mysterious and surprisingly effective people’s revolt of previous decade in Nepal attracts attention of every individual interested about the war and socio – economic condition of Nepal.  The country freed from the feudal autocratic monarchy and turned into the Federal Democratic Republic amidst the people’s revolt (2062/63) and the spillover of blood from thousands of Nepalese lives.  The spillover of blood and martyrdom to change the entire spectrum society began from the Gorkha (Pandrung – 3, Jarang) by contributing the life of young school student named Dil Bahadur. It must be the Mekka for all who wish to salute the revolt and romantic place for those all who are curious to know about the initiation and development of the war.

Thus, we believe including this village (Jarang) with the proposed Trek route of TAAN would be the most suitable, so the trek route will reflect and cover the Gorkha district’s standing of heroism, sacrifice, history and natural heritages.

Proposed Trek Route:

Day 01:   Drive Kathmandu to Gorkha Bazar which takes approximately 5 hrs. Explore the town in the late afternoon - visit Museum, Gorakhkali Temple and surrounding and overnight stay in the Hotel.

Day 02:  Drive 2 hours in the morning till Ghyampeshal and then trek to Jarang which takes approximately 2 hours. Overnight stay in the village.

Day 03:   Trek to Sita Gufa (Explore the surrounding of the cave) , Thotneri / Thala which is roughly 6 -7 hours trek.

Day 04:   Trek Thala to Dharche Lake. The view point of Dharche Lake can be compared with Poonhill from where the view of mystic Himalayan ranges in 180 degree can be viewed.

Day 05:   Trek Dharche Lake to Laprak village.

Day 06:  Trek Laprak Village to Barpak Village which is the most popular village in Gorkha as the birthplace of Gaje Ghale (honoured with Victoria Cross).

Day 07:    Rest day in Barpak to explore the village.

Day 08:    Drive back to Gorkha and then to Kathmandu.

The trek can be started as per the proposal of TAAN from Manakamana or Bhachek or Barpak and end the trek from Jarang / Ghyampeshal as well.

The construction of community centre is being processed in the village of Jarang which will serve as a guest house as well for the visitors in future. The library which will contain the books and literature of the revolution, war and transformation of the world would add the attraction to all interested visitors of this trek. Other parts of trek route are being developed as tourist and visitors friendly.

Thus, we urge the concerned authorities to take part in developing this trek route as mentioned.  The trek route reflects and serve as the convergence of the brave history of Gurkhas, history and sacrifice to unify Nepal and then to transform it into republic Nepal, beautiful natural scenario, religious importance, majestic Himalayan ranges  etc and make this route the best trek route in the country.

The End

Gurkha Trail – Confluence of Bravety, Sacrifice, History and Natural Beauties ( Article in Nepali Lg )

“Gurkha Trail – Confluence of Bravety, Sacrifice, History and Natural Beauties” is published in Paryatan Aawaj in 2012.

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;g\ !*!$ – !*!^ df O{i6 O{lG8of sDkgL;Fu ePsf] uf]vf{ n8fOF{df uf]vf{nL ;]gfn]  b]vfPsf] axfb'/Laf6 k|efljt eP/ g} kl5 la|l6zx?n] g]kfnsf] lelq efux?af6 alni7 o'jfx?nfO{ ef8fsf] ?kdf lnP/ cfˆgf] gLhL ;]gfdf nufpg] sfdsf] yfngL u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o;}sf] lg/Gt/tfdf g]kfnsf laleGg efusf xf]gfxf/ o'jfx?sf] klxnf] / bf>f] ljZjo'4df alnbfgL eof] . xhf/f} xhf/ o'jfx? 3fO{t], czQm / a]kQf eP / afFRg ;kmn s]xL axfb'/ of]4fx?nfO{ leS6f]l/of qm; elgg] pRrsf]6Lsf] kbs lbO{Psf] lyof] . cfhklg ef/t, a]nfot, l;+ufk'/, a|'gfO{ h:tf b]zx?df /x]sf g]kfnLx?sf] kmf}hnfO{ uf]vf{ gfd lbO{Psf] 5 . log} uf]vf{sf gfdn] lrlgg] g]kfnLx?n] laleGg sfnv08sf o'4:ynx? k|mfG;, O6fnL, OlhK6, blIf0f cd]l/sf, adf{ xfnsf] Dofgdf/, dn]lzof, l;+ufk'/, ef/tsf laleGg :yfgx? nufPt x'Fb} xfn}sf lbgx?df cfP/ ckmuflg:tfg ;Dddf n8fOF{ sf}zn / axfb'/L b]vfO{;s]]sf tyf b]vfO{/x]sf5g\ . g]kfnnfO{ ljZjdf lrgfpg uf]vf{ eGg] zAb ;u/dfyf / a'4 eg] hlQs} cf]hk"0f{ / dxTjs]f 5 .

bft[ ;+:yf P;= Pg= eL= sf] ;xof]udf 6fg ‐ 6«]lsª Ph]lG;h P;f]l;P;g ckm g]kfn _ n] xfn} ;DkGg u/]sf] dgfzn' If]qsf] tNnf]  ‐ blIf0fL _ e]usf] ko{6sLo uGtAo cWoog– vf]lh e|d0fsf] lgisif{df of] If]q cToGt} ;'Gb/ / ko{6sLo ljsfzsf] b[li6n] k|r'/ ;Defagf af]s]sf] kfPsf] 5 . pQm cWoogn] hDdf (÷!) lbgsf] ;Deflat kbofqff dfu{sf] ?kdf dgsfdgfaf6 z'? u/L uf]/vf b/af/, eRr]s, afk{fs, nfk|fs, wr]{sf] n]s, l;tfu'kmf x'Fb} £ofDk]zfn;Dd ;d]6]sf] 5 . o; dfu{df k|l;2 dgsfdgf dlGb/, g]kfns} Psdfq s]ansf/sf] cg'ea, g]kfnsf] klxnf] zxLb nvg yfkfsf] ufpmF ‐ /f0ffsf] PstGqLo hxfFgLof zf;g la?4 cfjfh a'nGb kf/] afkt /f0ffzf;gåf/f cfg} 3/df la= ;+= !(## df xTof ul/Psf _, uf]vf{ /fHo la:tf/ u/L xfnsf] :j?ksf] g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ug{ of]ubfg ug]{ k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] b/af/, k|l;4 sflnsf dlGb/ / uf]/vgfy u'kmf, b/af/ ;+u|xfno, l;/fg8fF8fsf] :yfgLo lrof / cfn', ;g\ !($# df hfkfgLh la?4sf] n8fO{Fdf adf{df axfb'/L k'a{s n8]/ leS6f]l/of qm; kbs kfPsf uh] 3n]sf] 3/, ufpmF – afkf{s, cGbfhL #,@@) dL= prfO{df /x]sf] wr]{sf] n]saf6 !*) l8u|Ldf b]Vg ;lsg] em08} @) eGbf a9L lxdfnx?sf] dgf]/d lxd>[+vnfsf b[Zo ;fy} cGo laleGg 7fpmFx?af6 leGg leGg sf]0fdf b]Vg ;lsg] log} lxdfnsf b[Zox? , 3gf h+unsf] aLrdf cal:yt o; e]us} k|l;4 l;tf u'kmf ‐ l;tfn] Wofg u/]sf] u'kmf eg]/ :yfgLox? Dffem kl/lrt o; u'kmfdf r}qsf] /fdgjdLsf lbg d]nf nfUg] ub{5 / of] u'kmf lgs} nfdf] ePsf] laZjf; ul/G5 _, u'?ª ;+:s[lt nufPt cGo laleGg hfthfltsf] /xg;xg, hghLag h:tf dxTjk"0f{ cfsif{0fx? kb{5g\ .

;+;f/nfO{ Ps lx;fan] ax'–cfZro{ rlst agfp‘b} ;+;f/}el/sf dflg;x?sf aLrdf lh1f;fsf] laifo  aGb} u/]sf] g]kfnL hgo'ån] lgs} 7"nf] hgwgsf] d"No r'sfPsf] / g]kfnL cfdfsf xf]gfxf/ 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] bf]xf]/f] alnbfgsf] hudf g]kfnL ;dfh ztfAbL nfdf] ;fdGtL Aoa:yfaf6 d'Qm eP/ u0ftGqdf k|j]z u/]sf] ;TodfyL vf;} laafb ul//xg' kb}{g . ;dfh kl/jt{gsf] nflu ePsf] cfZro{hgs / kL8fbfoL alnbfgsf] cf/De uf]vf{sf] kGb|'Ë–# sf afns ljBfyL{ lbn axfb'/ /Dt]nsf] alnbfg;‘u z'? ePsf] xf] . lbn axfb'/ /Dt]n hGd]sf] 3/, x's]{sf], v]n]sf] las6 eL/kv]/fx?, k9]sf] / alnbfgL ePsf] :yfg g]kfnsf] hgo'å, kl/at{g / alnbfgsf] OltxfF;;+u rf;f] /fVg] hf] sf]xL :jb]zL tyf lab]zLx?sf nfuL klg sf}t'xn, lh1f;f / /f]dfGrs :yfgsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 / elaZodf o;sf] dxTj cFem a9\g] lglZrt 5 .

To;}n} o;} kbofqfsf] k|:tflat dfu{;+u g} hf]l8Psf] ‐ 6fgn] ;Deflat kbdfu{sf] cGTo ug{ ;lsg] :yfgsf ?kdf lnPsf] £ofDk]zfn eGbf !=#) 306fsf] b'/L klxn] g} cfpg] / ToxfF Ps /ft latfP/ ef]lnkN6 b]p/fnL jf £ofDk]zfnaf6 ;jf/L ;fwg lnO{ sf7df8f}+ nufPt cGo :yfg hfg ;lsg] _ o; :yfgnfO{ klg ;dfa]z u/]/ o; kbofqfnfO{ uf]vf{n] af]s]sf] aL/tf, alnbfgL, P]ltxfFl;stf / k|fs[ltstfsf] a]hf]8 ;dfud u/fO{ pTs[i6 eGbf pTs[i6 kbofqf dfu{ agfpg pko'{Qm b]lvG5 .

;Deflat kb dfu{

klxnf] lbg M sf7df8f}+ – uf]/vf ‐ s/La % 306fsf] a; ofqf _

bf]>f] lbg M uf]/vf – £ofDk]zfn– h/fª ‐ s/La @ 306fsf] a; ofqf / To;kl5 @ 306fsf] kbofqf _

t]>f] lbg M h/fª – l;tf u'kmf – 7f]6\g]/L ÷ ynf ‐ s/La % – & 306fsf] kb ofqf _

rf}yf] lbg M ynf – wfr]{sf] n]s

kfrf}+ lbg M wfr]{sf] n]s – nfk|fs

5}7f}+ lbg M nfk|fs – afk{fs

;ftf}+ lbg M afk{fs – uf]/vf – sf7df8f}+

jf

cf7f}+ lbgM;ftf}+ lbg afk{fsdf a;L cf7f}+ lbgdf afk{fsuf]/vf – sf7df8f}+ .

o;nfO{ dgsfdgf jf eRr]s jf afkf{saf6 z'? u/L  h/fª –£ofDk]zfn – uf]/vf– sf7df8f}+af6 cGTo klg ug{ ;lsg] .

k'af{wf/df pko'{Qm nufgL ug{ ;s] ;du| dgfzn' If]qn] / dfyL pNn]lvt kbdfu{n] s]xL aif{x?df g} g]kfnsf] csf]{ kl/rt e|d0f ug]{ kbdfu{ :yfg u|x0f ug]{5 . o;}n] ;DalGwt lgsfon] o; ?6nfO{ laz]if ?kdf axfb'/ uf]vf{x?sf] P]ltxfFl;s klxrfg , ;'Gb/ k|fs[lts :yn / lxdfno >[v+nf, g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fdf Plss/0f b]lv u0ftGq;Ddsf] P]ltxfFl;s ofqf  / alnbfgL e"ldsf] ;dfud ePsf] Ps lalzi6 ofqfdfu{sf ?kdf lasfz u/L k|rf/k|;f/ ug{ / :yfgLonfO{ k|ltkmn lbg k|ofz ug{ clkn ul/G5 .

Restructuring of Tourism Industry

The article " Restructuring of Tourism Industry" is written after the committee formed by the Government to advise on restructuring of Tourism Board. The writer express his thought on restructuring of entire tourism industry in the same occassion.

ko{6g pBf]usf] k'g;{+/rgf

g]kfnsf] ko{6g If]q xfnsf] dfqfdf lautdf ;fob} oltw]/} rrf{df /Xof] . ;u/dfyfsf] ;kmn cf/f]x0fsf ;dfrf/x?, o; qmddf k|fKtx'g] laleGg yl/sf ;fxl;s /]s8{x? tyf cf/f]x0fqmddf lxdfndf Hofgsf] ck{0f ug]{ cbDo ;fx; af]s]sf cf/f]x0fsf/Lx?sf] syfufyf / Aoyf afx]s ko{6g If]qsf] csf]{ s'g} :j?kdf oltlalw ;dfrf/ aGg], 5nkmn x'g] tyf k|d'v klqsfx?df :yfg kfpg] h:tf sfdx? cToGt} Go"g x'g] ub{y] . ut clk|n !* df ;u/dfyfsf] k|yd lzla/g]/ 36]sf] csNkgLo b'3{6gf / To;kl5 ;/sf/n] ko{6g If]q / cf/f]xLx?dfyL ub}{ cfPsf] pk]Iffsf la?å ;Dk"0f{ cf/f]x0fsfo{df ;dlk{t ;d'bfon] of] l;hel/ g} ;u/dfyf cf/f]x0f gug]{ lg0f{o u/]kl5 PsfPs g]kfnsf] ko{6g / cf/f]x0f If]q cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf rrf{sf] s]Gb|df cfof] eg] em08} @ dlxgf;Dd ko{6g;+u ;Da4 laleGg Aoa;flos ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;d'xn] lalaw dfu /flv u/]sf] cfGbf]ngsf] sf/0fn] cfGtl/s ?kdf g]kfnsf] ko{6g If]qsf] rrf{ ;a}eGbf a9L eof] .  

g]kfnsf] klxnf] ;fa{hlgs – lghL — ;fem]bf/Lsf] ;+:yfsf] ?kdf g]kfnsf] ko{6g Joj;fosf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|a4{g ug{, g]kfnnfO{ ;'/lIft, e/kbf]{ tyf cfsif{s ko{6g :ynsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t u/L cGt/f{li6«o ko{6g ;d'bfodf g]kfnsf] 5ljnfO{ pRr Pj+ dof{lbt 9+uaf6 :yflkt ug{ , ko{6sx¿nfO{ u'0ffTds ;]jf k|bfg ug{, ko{6g Joj;fodf b]vfk/]sf ;d:ofx¿sf] lg/fs/0fsf pkfox¿ kQf nufpg cfjZostfg';f/ sfo{d"ns cg';Gwfg ug{ / u/fpg, ko{6g Joj;fosf] ljsf;sf] nflu cfjZos ;+:yfx¿sf] :yfkgf / ljsf; ug{ nufPt cGo y'k|} clwsf/ / st{Aox? tf]sL ko{6g af]8{ P]g la= ;+= @)%# df ;+;baf6 kfl/t ePkl5 g]kfn ko{6g af]8{sf] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] .

of] calwdf ko{6g af]8{n] cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt clwsf/x?sf] k|of]u u/]/ b]zdf ko{6gsf] lasf; / la:tf/df pNn]Vo of]ubfg lbg} ;s]g . dn]lzofn] ;g\ !((* sf] %% nfv ko{6s cfudgaf6 a9fP/ ;g\ @)!# ;Dddf @ s/f]8 %& nfveGbf Hofbf k'¥ofpg ;kmn ePsf] b]lvG5, h'g ToxfFsf] ko{6g;+u ;Dalwt ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] cAan sfo{bIftfsf] gd'gf xf] . xfd|f] h:tf] k|r'/ ;Defjgf af]s]s]f b]z hxfF 5'§} ko{6g dGqfnosf] ?kdf #) cf}+ aif{sf] ;+:yfut cg'ej 5, ko{6g af]8{ u7g u/]/ cGt/{fli6«o ?kdf ko{6g k|a4{g ug{ yfn]sf] g} em08} @ bzs eO{;s]sf] 5 / klg ko{6s cfudg !) nfv klg gs6\g' lo ;+:yfx?sf] gfh's sfo{Ifdtfs]f ultnf] pbfx/0f x'g\ . !) ai]f{ o'åsf] df/df ko{6g If]q klg lklN;Psf] ;x'lnPt lnP/ ko{6g af]8{ / ;/sf/L pRrkb:yx? pDsg] u/]klg zflGt ;D‰of}tf kZrftsf] ;ft — ;ft aif{ klg ultlxg ?kdf l3l;|g'n]] pQm ts{ s'g} s'ts{ ePsf] k|dfl0ft ub{5 .

ko{6g af]8{sf] u7g ug]{ tTsflng lg0f{o ;fFRr} ko{6gsf] lasf; / la:tf/sf nfuL lyof] jf /fhg}lts kf6L{, g]tf / sfo{stf{x?sf] e/0fkf]if0fsf] lgoldt Aoa:yf ug{ lyof] jf lab]zL s'g} bftfsf] k/fdz{bftf klg ag]/ cg'bfg /sd krfpg] pkfP lyof] eGg] g} g5'l6g] u/L o;sf !& aif{ lat]/ uPsf 5g\ . /fhg}lts g]t[Tjn] b]zsf] ko{6g nufPtsf lasf;sf cGo cjoax?df dxTjk"0f{ / g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf v]Ng g;s]sf] tyf sdhf]/ / e|i6 ;/sf/L lgsfox? s[oflzn /x]sf] xfd|f] h:tf] lk5l8Psf] b]zdf gLlh If]qsf k|ltlglwx?n] b]z lasf;df of]ubfg ug]{ pTs6 clenfzf;lxt ;/sf/L gLlh ;fem]bf/Lsf] df]8ndf o;sf] lasfz x'g' klg csf]{ d'v{tf ;flat ePsf] efg kb{5 .  @)^@ ÷)^# sf] cfGbf]ng kZrft ;a} hgtfn] ablnPsf] /fhg}lts kl/j]z cg';f/ u/]sf] hfoh cfzf klg r/d /fhg}lts lvrftfgL, rsf]{ cfly{s rnv]n, lalaw kfqx?sf aLrsf] cgfaZos h'Ëfsf] n8fO{ h:tf sf/sx?n] ubf{ kljq g} på\]Zo /fv]/ ;'? ul/Psf] ePtf klg o;n] glthf glbg' s'g} cfZro{hgs laifo /x]g .

ko{6g af]8{sf] k'/fgf] ;+/rgf, ckf/bzL{ ultlalwx? / o;sf sfo{sf/L clws[tsf] e|i6frf/hGo s[ofsnfkx?sf la?åsf] cfGbf]ng lalaw :jfy{x?sf] 6s/fjsf sf/0f ;'?x'g uPsf] g} ePklg cfGbf]ngdf ko{6g af]8{ leq ePsf] e|i6frf/sf] 5fglag u/L bf]lifnfO{ sf/afxL ug]{ / 8]9 – b'O{ bzs klxn] sNkgf ul/Psf] af]8{df gofF /fhg}lts kl/at{gn] lgb]{z u/] cg';f/ ;dofg's'n kl/at{g ug'{kg]{ ;fGble{s dfux?sf sf/0fn] cfGbf]ngn] prfO{ / ult k|fKt u¥of] h;sf sf/0f ko{6g dGqfno cfGbf]ng ;Daf]wg ug]{ lbzfdf cuf8L a9]sf] b]lvPsf] 5 .

nfdf] cfGbf]ng kZrft ko{6g dGqfnon] ldlt @)&! h]i7 @% sf] ko{{6g dGqL :t/Lo lg0f{o cg';f/ ko{6g af]8{sf] ;+/rgfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg cfaZos ;'emfa lbg eg]/ km]/L csf]{ Ps k6s sfo{bn u7g u/]sf] 5 . o; cl3 k6s – k6s p:t} k|s[ltsf sfo{bnx?n] lbPsf ;'emfax?sf] sfof{Gjog ug'{sf] ;f6f] csf]{ k|lta]bg tof/ kfg{ PSsfO{; lbg] Dofb lbP/ !# hgf ;lDdlnt csf]{ ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] xf] . of] ;ldltsf] u7g klg lgs} w]/} kfk8 a]n]/ agfO{Psf] 5 h;n] lbg] ;'emfax?n] ko{6gsf] lasf;df pNn]Vo of]ubfg k'¥ofpF5 eGg] lglZrGttf 5}g sf/0f o;df /fhg}lts efua08f / :jfy{x:sf] n8fFOn] dh};+u luhf]n]sf] 5 .  km]/L OltxfF;df o:tf k|lta]bgx? sfof{Gjog x'g] u/]sf] s'g} clen]v g} /x]g5 . csf]{ & hgfsf] ;ldlt - cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf ;d'xx?sf] bafa kZrft % af6 a9fP/ & ;b:oLo agfO{Psf] _ klg ;+u} agfO{of] , h;n] ko{6g af]8{df ePsf] clgoldttf 5fGg] eg]sf] 5 t/ sfof{b]zdf cf = a= @)^* ÷ @)^( b]lv kl5sf cfDbfgL / vr{sf] 5fglag ug]{ eg]/ lsl6Psf] 5 . o;sf] dg;fo s] cf = a= @)^* ÷ @)^( eGbf klxn] g]kfn ko{6g af]8{df ePsf ;a} cfly{s sf/f]af/x?, lg0f{ox? kf/bzL{ / pko{'Qm eP/ xf] < of] ;ldlt u7g ubf{ lghL If]qaf6 ul/g] k|ltlglwTjdf dfggLo dlGqn] ha/hl:t cfFkm"n] eg]sf] AolQm g} x'g'kg]{ eg]/ cTtf] yfKg'eO{ ;kmn klg x'g'ePsf] eGg] ;'Ggdf cfof] . s] of] ;ldlt af]8{df ePu/]sf ulNtx?nfO{ cg'df]bg u/L / rf]VofO{lbg] lgotn] agfO{Psf] xf] <

lgolGqt If]qdf hfg] / lglZrt lxdfnx? cf/f]x0f ug]{ ko{6sx?sf] 6f]nL;+u ;/sf/L clws[t nfg'kg]{ k|fawfg vfnL ;/sf/L clws[tx?sf] 3'Dg kfpg], k};fklg lng kfO{g], clkm;sf] sfdaf6 s]xL ;do 5'l§ kfO{g], nQfsk8fsf ;]6 kfO{g] h:tf gfnfos kmfO{bfsf nfuL lg/Gt/ sfod /flvPsf] 5 . gq !(^) sf] bzssf] vDkf ca g/x]sf], klZrld b]zsf ultlalwx? ;/sf/n] Rffx]sf] v08df sf7df08f}+ af6} jf cGo pkfPx?af6 klg lg?T;flxt ug{ ;lsg] ca:yfdf o;/L ko{6ssf] 6fpsf]df g} ;Dk'0f{ ;/sf/L clws[tsf] vr{ nfb]/ p;}sf] ultlalw lgofNg eGb} hfgsf]' s'g} t's g} b]lvFb}g . cfh s'g} Aoa;foLn] cfˆgf] Aoa;fo btf{ ubf{ jf :t/ lgwf{/0f ug{ lga]bg lbFbf pN6} ;/sf/L clws[tsf] 6f]lnnfO{ hLk r9fP/ ;a} vr{kfgL a]xf]/]/ nu]/ b]vfpg' kg]{ nHhf:kb ca:yf 5 . cGo dGqfnox? dfkm{t p7]sf] ;Dk"0f{ /fh:j cy{ dGqfnodf bflvnf x'g] t/ cy{n] cGo dGqfnox?sf hfoh / cfa:os vr{sf] nfuL klg /sdsf] Aoa:yf gul/lbg] ;d:ofn] o:tf dGqfnox?sf] sfo{;Dkfbgdf k|efj kfbf]{ /x]5 .

ko{6gaf]8{df vr{ ug{ k|z:t /sd x'g] / ToxfFsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] tna nufPt cGo ;'lawfx? t'ngfTds ?kdf lgs} /fd|f] x'g], sfo{sf/L lgb]{zssf] tnaeQf cToGt pRrsf]6Lsf] x'g], rfn9fn klg To:t} km'lt{sf] x'g] t/ ;+u} /x]sf] ko{6g dxfzfvfsf] pkNnf] txs} clws[tsf] :t/ gfh's x'gfn] klg dGqfnosf sd{rf/Lx?df af]8{k|lt of t cgfaZos nfe lng] nf]e x'g' jf o;nfO{ vf/]h u/]/ ;a} clwsf/ cfFkm}lng /x/ hfUg' cgf}7f] ePg .  

g]kfnsf] ko{6g lasf; ug{ of]hgf cfof]usf] lstfadf n]v]/, 5f]6]b]vL a8];Ddsf g]tfx? s[lif, hn;|f]t / ko{6gn] g]kfnsf] sfofkn6 x'G5 eg]/ lrRofO{ dfq /x]/, ko{6g laefu agfO{lbP/ ko{6gsf] la:tf/ x'g]eP xfldn] aif{sf] bz nfv eGbf klg 3l6 xf]Og Ps s/f]8 ko{6sx?nfO{ ;]jf lbO/x]sf x'GYof}+ .

To;}n,] ko{6g af]8{sf] k'g;{+/rgf ug]{ eg]/ s'/f p7]sf] ca:yfdf ko{6g af]8{dfq x}g ;du| ko{6g pBf]usf] ;Dk"0f{ cjojx?nfO{ g} k'g;{+/rgf ug'{kg]{ a]nf cfPsf] 5 . cGt/dGqfnox?sf] ;dGjo plrt ?kdf ug{' /  ah]6sf] lalgof]hg ;xL ?kdf ul/g', ko{6g dGqfnosf] g]t[Tj ko{6gdf bvn /fVg] / pko'{Qm b[li6sf]0f ePsf] AolQmsf] xftdf n}hfg', dGqfno, dxfzfvf / ko{6g af]8{sf] clwsf/, If]q tyf sfo{ laefhg :ki6 ?kdf ug'{, ka{tf/f]x0f ;+3, 6fg, k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if h:tf ;+:yfx?n] laleGg ?kdf p7fpg] u/]sf /f]oN6Lx?, kmLx? g]kfn ko{6g af]8{sf] clwgdf /flv ;a} ;+:yfx? ldn]/ sfo{qmdsf] cfwf/df /sd vr{ ug'{, ko{6g af]8{df 5flgg] sfo{sf/L clws[t ;+:yfgx?sf] k|d'v 5flgP h;/L la1x?sf] 6f]lnaf6 jf Aofks hg;xeflutfdf 5flgg', ko{6g af]8{df ;b:ox?sf] 5gf}6 ubf{ ko{6g ;+u ;+alGwt laleGg ;+3, ;+:yfx?sf] k|ltlglwx?, aftfa/0f lab\, ko{6g la1x? ;lDdlnt ul/g', /fhg}lts ?kn] ;du| If]qsf] g]t[Tj bn tyf g]tfn] g} lng'kg]{ eP klg bnx?sf] tyf bnleqsf u'6x?sf] :jfy{, e|i6frf/af6 d'Qm /fVg' h:tf sbdx? g]kfnsf] ko{6gsf] lasf; / la:tf/sf] klxnf] v'l8\snf] x'g;S5 . km]/L klg c;n lgotsf dfG5]x?sf] pknAwtf / ;dk{0f t ko{6g / ;du| b]zsf] lasf;sf] ;a}eGbf pQd / s7Lg k'a{;t{ xf] g} . 

ho ko{6g .

Nepal Tourism Board and Entreprenuer's Agitation - Nepali Language

"Nepal Tourism Board and Entreprenuer's Agitation" was published in the national economic daily KAROBAR on May 29th 2014. The article is about Nepal Tourism Board, its poor performance, demonstration against the leadership of Tourism Board and suggestion to solve the problem. 

g]kfn ko{6g af]8{ / Aoa;foLx?sf] cfGbf]ng

lbks a:tfsf]6L

ko{6g pBf]u ;g\ @)@) ;Dddf ljZjsf] 7"nf] pBf]usf] ?kdf v8f x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 eg] laZj ko{6g ;+u7gn] pQm calwleq e|d0f ug]{ ko{6sx?sf] ;+Vof xfnsf] sl/a ! c/aaf6 a9]/ ! c/a %^ s/f]8 k'Ug] k|If]k0f u/]sf] 5 . k|foh;f] b]zx?n] xfnsf lbgx?df ko{6g pBf]unfO{ cy{tGqsf] k|d'v d]?b08sf] ?kdf lng yfn]sf 5g\ . ;g\ !(%) sf] /fhg}lts kl/at{g kZrft lab]zLx?sf nfuL g]kfn e|d0f ug]{ p2]Zosf] nflu cg'dlt lbg yflnPkl5 oxfFsf] ko{6gsf] cf}krfl/s ;'?jft ePsf] dflgG5 . ;g\ !(%& df pBf]u dGqfno dftxtsf] ko{6g ljsf; ;ldltaf6 ;'? ePsf] ;+:yfut ;+/rgf ;g\ !(^@ df ko{6g laefu, ;g\ !(&* df 5'§} ko{6g dGqfnosf] u7g / ;g\ !((* df ;/sf/L gLlh ;fem]bf/Lsf] ?kdf ko{6g af]8{sf] u7g x'Fb} lasl;t ePsf] kfO{G5  .

s/La @,$)) ls=ld= nDafO{ ePsf] lxdfno ka{tdfnfdWo] Ps ltxfO{ g]kfndf kg'{ / ;u/dfyf nufPt ;+;f/s} cUnf cUnf lxdlzv/x? o;} efudf cal:yt x'g', ef}uf]lns ?kdf xf]rf] e'efub]lv pRr efu;Ddsf] laifdtfn] k|fKt cGo s}og\ ko{6sLo ultlalwsf nfuL dxTjk"0f{ :yfg jf a:t'x? x'g', hLljt b]aL s'df/L] nufPt cglulGt efiff, ;+:s[lt, e]ife"iff, /xg;xgsf] Pp6f cg'kd d]n x'g' , Uff}td a'¢sf] hGd:yn oxL e"lddf x'g', ljZjdf axfb'/Lsf] kof{o ag]sf] uf]/vfnLx?sf] b]z x'g', pTs[i6td\ cfltYo ;Tsf/ / ko{6sx?sf] lglDt c;n Aoaxf/ ul/g' cfbL sf/0fx?n] ubf{ g]kfnnfO{ k|fs[lts, ;fF:s[lts, wfld{s, ef}uf]lns, cfWoflTds nufPtsf ;Dkbfx?n] el/k"0f{ ljZjs} Ps dxTjk"0f{ / pTs[i6 ko{6sLo uGtAosf] ?kdf lnOg]  ul/Psf] 5 .

g]kfnnfO{ Ps cfsif{s ko{6g :ynsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t u/L cGt/f{li6«o hutdf kl/lrt u/fpg, ko{6g Joj;fosf] ljsf;, lj:tf/ / k|a4{g ug{ tyf ko{6g Aoa;fosf] lasf;åf/f /fli6«o pTkfbg tyf ljb]zL d'b|fcfh{gdf clea[l4 u/L a9L eGbf a9L /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x¿sf] ;[hgf ug{, g]kfnnfO{ ;'/lIft, e/kbf]{ tyf cfsif{s ko{6g :ynsf] ¿kdf ljsl;t u/L cGt/f{li6«o ko{6g ;d'bfodf g]kfnsf] 5ljnfO{ pRr Pj+ dof{lbt 9+uaf6 :yflkt ug{ , ko{6sx¿nfO{ u'0ffTds ;]jf k|bfg ug{, ko{6g Joj;fodf b]vfk/]sf ;d:ofx¿sf] lg/fs/0fsf pkfox¿ kQf nufpg cfjZostfg';f/ sfo{d"ns cg';Gwfg ug{ / u/fpg, ko{6g Joj;fosf] ljsf;sf] nflu cfjZos ;+:yfx¿sf] :yfkgf / ljsf; ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg eg]/ ko{6g af]8{ P]g la= ;+= @)%# df ;+;baf6 kfl/t ePkl5 g]kfn ko{6g af]8{sf] :yfkgf ePsf] xf] .

ko{6g af]8{df laut @& lbgb]lv ko{6g ;+u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] laleGg ;+3, ;+u7gx?n] ko{6g af]8{sf] k'g;{+/rgf, ToxfFleq eP / x'g]u/]sf e|i6frf/sf] 5fglag, k|d'\v sfo{sf/Lsf] lgo'lQmdf b]lvPsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg nufPtsf dfux? /fvL u/]sf] cfGbf]ngsf sf/0f af]8{sf] ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfk em08} dlxgf lbg 7Kk ePsf] ;Gbe{df of] cfn]v tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 .

af]8{df x'g] u/]sf e|i6frf/ / clgoldttfsf] k|Zg

clxn] g]kfndf cfˆgf] dfq lxt g;f]Rg], g}lts tj/n] dfq hLpg vf]Hg], e|i6frf/ gug]{, /fHonfO{ g7Ug]df b'ef{Uoa; xfld sf]xL klg g]tf, sd{rf/L, hgtf / ;+3 ;+:yf 5}gf}+ . g]kfn ko{6g af]8{, o;sf] glhs /x]/ lalaw sfo{qmdx?df ;+nUg x'g kfpg] ;+3, ;+:yfx?, AolQmx? klg c5'tf] 5g\ eGg] s'g} k|Zg g} 5}g . cfFkm"n] gkfPkl5 cfGbf]ngdf plqPsf x'g\ eg]/ ul/Psf] l6Kk0fL klg sdhf]/ eg] 5}g . t/ klg ko{6g af]8{df n'6sf] wg km'k'sf] >f4 eg] em}+ /sdsf] cgfaZos vr{ / b'?kof]u x'g] u/]sf] eg] kSs} 5 . ko{6g af]8{n] cfˆgf] p4]Zo cg'?ksf] lalaw sfo{qmdx? ug'{sf] ;§f kmh'n vr{ u/L ah]6 l;Wofpg] Ps ;'qLo p4]Zo cg'?k sfo{ ub}{ cfO{/x]sf] h:tf] b]lvG5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] dflyNnf] bhf{sf clws[tx? Hf]f ko{6g af]8{sf clws[tx? eGbf klg pkNnf] txsf x'G5g\, Aff]8{sf sd{rf/L clws[tx?sf] cfo, lab]z ;o/sf] df}sf, 7fF6 / /afkm x]b}{ y's lgn]/ a:g'kg]{ ca:yfdf 5g\ . lalaw lzif{sx?df x'g] kmh'n / dgf]dfgL vr{ o;sf] k|d'v ;d:ofsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .  

af]8{sf] u7g k|lqmof / k'g;+{/rgfsf] k|Zg

xfnsf] Aoa:yf cg';f/ ko{6g af]8{df !! ;b:o /x]sf] Ps ;ldltsf] u7g x'g] Aoa:yf ul/Psf] 5, h;df ko{6g ;lra cWoIf /xg], cy{sf] ;x;lra, cWofudg laefusf dxflgb]{zs, g]kfn gful/s p8\8og k|flws/0fsf dxflgb]{zs, ko{6g;+u glhssf] ;DaGw /fVg] dGqfnox?af6 g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] Pshgf clws[t ;b:o / ko{6g k|a4{g ug]{ sfo{df ;+nUg /x]sf ko{6g Joj;foL, ko{6g tyf k|fs[lts Pj+ ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf;+u ;DalGwt ljz]if1x¿ dWo]af6 g]kfn ;/sf/n] dgf]lgt u/]sf % hgf ;b:o / v'nf k|lt:kwf{af6 5flgPsf] sfo{sf/L k|d'v ;b:o–;lrj /xg] Joa:yf /x]sf] 5 .

ko{6g af]8{sf] :yfkgf cfheGbf !& aif{ klxn]sf] b]zsf] ko{6gsf] ca:yf /xFbf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm ;dodf eGbf cfh ko{6gsf] bfo/f, /fi6«sf] ko{6gk|ltsf] b[li6sf]0f, ko{6g;+u hgtfsf] ;DaGw / ;xeflutf lgs} km/flsnf] ag]sf] 5 . lab]zL ko{6s, Tof] klg ;]tf] dfG5]x? dfq}nfO{ ko{6s dfGg] ;f]rfO{ lakl/t cfh 3/]n' ko{6gsf] lasf; / la:tf/ eO{/x]sf] 5 Psflt/ eg] xfd|f] b]z @)^@ ÷)^# sf] /fhg}lts kl/at{g kZrft ;+l3otfdf hfFb} 5 . o;}n] ;Dk"0f{ b]zsf] k|ltlglwTj xfnsf] ;+s'lrt lsl;dsf] af]8{sf] ;+/rgfn] dfq k'/f ug{ g;Sg] b]lvG5 . xfn;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf dgf]lgt x'g] ;b:o dgf]ut / AolQmut k|efjsf cfwf/df ko{6g dlGqn] cfˆgf] glhssf] Aoa;foL 5fg]/ ug]{ rng 5 hxfF Ifdtf ePsf ;b:ox? jf P]gdf g} Aoa:yf ul/Psf] ko{6g tyf k|fs[lts Pj+ ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf;+u ;DalGwt ljz]if1x¿sf] ;fF6f] h:tfklg ;b:ox? k'Ug] u/]sf] lttf] oyfy{ xfd|f;fd' 5 . To;}n] dlGqsf] v'l;df / rfs/Ldf af]8{ ;b:o lgo'Qm gu/L ;'b'/ k"a{ b]lv ;'b'/ klZrd ;Dd, pQ/ b]lv blIf0f;Dd / ko{6g lasf;df of]ubfg lbg] k|d'v Aofa;flos ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO tyf laif]z1x?nfO{ af]8{df ;d]6\gsf] nfuL cs}{ ;+/rgfsf]  cfa:ostf 68\sf/f] ?kdf b]lvG5 .

;dfwfg / efla uGtAo

xfn e}/x]sf] eb|uf]ndf ko{6g af]8{ / 6«]lsª Ph]lG;h P;f]l;o;g ckm g]kfn ;+u l6D; sf8{ dfkm{t p7]sf] s/f]8f}+ ?k}+ofsf] ckrng u/]sf] cf/f]k k|Tof/f]k rNg' klg Ps xf] . 6fg / ka{tf/f]x0f ;+3 h:tf ;fdflhs / u}x|gfkmfd'ns ;+:yfnfO{ /fHosf] >f]tdfyL s/f]8f}+ jf c/af}+ ?lkofF p7fpg] / vr{ ug]{ clwsf/ lbg' g} unt 5 . g]kfnsf] lxdlzv/x?, /fli6«o lgs'~h h:tf 7fpFx?af6 /fhfsf] ;lqmo zf;gsfndf cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] cGo ;b:ox?nfO{ klg cfDbfgLsf] e/kbf]{ ;|f]t Aoa:yf ug]{ p4]Zo cg'?k /sd p7fpg lbPsf] b]lvG5 h'g u0ftGqdf b]z k|a]z ul/;s]kl5 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cGtu{t kl/rflnt x'g' kg]{ lyof] t/ u0ftGqsf g]tfx? / kf6L{x?nfO{ ha o:tf ;+:yfx?af6 dgUu] cfly{s nfe x'g] yfxf eof] plgx? To;}df ks8 s;/L hdfpg] / a|Xn'6 dRrfpg] eGg]df lnKt eP . ko{6g af]8{sf k|d'v sfo{sf/Lsf] tnaeQf g} klg cTolws w]/} ePsf]n] lgo'lQmsfnb]lv g} g]tf / kf6L{;+u df]ndf]nfO{ x'g] ub{5 eGg] Pbfsbf ;'Ggdf cfPsf] laifo g} xf] .

/fli6«o lgs'~h, ka{tf/f]x0f ;+3, 6fg h:tf ;+:yfx?n] p7fpFb} cfPsf] ;Dk"0f{ /sd ko{6g af]8{n] g} lng] / o:tf ;+:yfx?nfO{ sfo{qmdsf cfwf/df /sd lbg] Aoa:yf ug]{, ko{6g af]8{sf] sfo{If]q cFem Aofks agfpg], ko{6g af]8{ / dGqfnosf] sfo{laefhg kl/eflift / Aoal:yt ug]{ ;lxt ko{6g af]8{ P]gdf ;+;f]wg u/]/ o;nfO{ g]kfnsf] ko{6g lasf;sf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ ;+:yf agfpg h?/L 5 . ko{6g xfd|f] b]zsf] ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ If]q xf], o;}af6 xfd|f] lasf; x'G5 eg]/ /6 lbP/ dfq a:g] / ;+s'lrt tyf u}/lhDd]jf/ ;f]r kfln/fVg] xf] eg] ko{6s cfudg kz'kltgfysf] s[kfn] x/]s aif{ s]xL ;FVofdf a9\g] eGbf Hofbf gx'g] lglZrt g} 5 . ;fFRr} ko{6gsf] lasf; ug]{ / b]znfO{ ;Da[4 agfpg] xf] eg] cfh}af6 e|i6frf/ /lxt / k'g;{+/lrt ko{6g af]8{, /fhg}lts bn tyf g]tfx?n] af]8{sf] k};fdf ¥ofn r'xfpg aGb x'g] ca:yf, c;n lgot / 1fg ePsf] af]8{sf] ;b:ox?, ce|i6 / g}ltsjfg\ Aoa;foLx? tyf ;+:yfx? x'g' h?/L 5 .